{"id":37754,"date":"2020-07-23T19:33:24","date_gmt":"2020-07-23T19:33:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/fr\/percees-techniques-au-fil-des-ans-comment-la-roue-est-nee\/"},"modified":"2020-07-23T19:33:24","modified_gmt":"2020-07-23T19:33:24","slug":"percees-techniques-au-fil-des-ans-comment-la-roue-est-nee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/fr\/percees-techniques-au-fil-des-ans-comment-la-roue-est-nee\/","title":{"rendered":"Perc\u00e9es techniques au fil des ans: comment la roue est n\u00e9e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bonjour, ing\u00e9nieurs du monde entier!  Nous allons vous pr\u00e9senter une nouvelle s\u00e9rie qui traitera des progr\u00e8s de l&#8217;ing\u00e9nierie au fil des ann\u00e9es qui ont transform\u00e9 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque.  Par travail acharn\u00e9 et inspiration, ces ing\u00e9nieurs ont envisag\u00e9 l&#8217;utilisation d&#8217;une invention particuli\u00e8re, et celle-ci a \u00e9t\u00e9 mise \u00e0 niveau pour devenir l&#8217;\u00e9pine dorsale du d\u00e9veloppement local.  Donc, \u00e0 partir du monde antique, certaines inventions ont aid\u00e9 les gens et ont stimul\u00e9 l&#8217;\u00e9conomie comme des paniers et des outils de chasse.  Mais un ensemble d&#8217;ing\u00e9nierie particulier se distingue des autres car il est encore utilis\u00e9 aujourd&#8217;hui sur toutes les machines en mouvement.  L&#8217;invention concerne la roue et l&#8217;essieu, et c&#8217;est peut-\u00eatre la plus grande invention de tous les temps, car d&#8217;autres machines n&#8217;auraient pas \u00e9t\u00e9 impossibles sans elle.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"46982\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/engineering-breakthroughs-over-the-years-how-the-wheel-came-into-being\/wheel-and-axle-history5\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history5.gif\" data-orig-size=\"719,496\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{\" aperture=\"\" data-image-title=\"Wheel and Axle history5\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history5-610x421.gif\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history5.gif\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" src=\"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Avances-de-ingenieria-a-lo-largo-de-los-anos-como.gif\" alt=\"Historique des roues et des essieux5\" width=\"610\" height=\"421\" class=\"lazy lazy-hidden alignnone size-medium wp-image-46982\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"46979\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/engineering-breakthroughs-over-the-years-how-the-wheel-came-into-being\/wheel-and-axle-history2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"641,641\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{\" aperture=\"\" data-image-title=\"Wheel and Axle history2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history2-610x610.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history2.jpg\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" src=\"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Avances-de-ingenieria-a-lo-largo-de-los-anos-como.jpg\" alt=\"Historique des roues et des essieux2\" width=\"601\" height=\"601\" class=\"lazy lazy-hidden alignnone wp-image-46979\"><\/p>\n<p>La roue et l&#8217;essieu les plus anciens datent d&#8217;il y a 5400 ans en utilisant des techniques de datation au radiocarbone.  Les restes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9s lors de fouilles en Slov\u00e9nie et jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, rien n&#8217;a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert sur son inventeur.  C&#8217;\u00e9tait un simple assemblage en bois avec une roue en fr\u00eane et un axe en ch\u00eane.  De nombreuses d\u00e9couvertes d&#8217;autres r\u00e9gions prouvent qu&#8217;il s&#8217;agit bien d&#8217;une invention ancienne, et il est possible qu&#8217;elle ait \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e en parall\u00e8le dans diff\u00e9rentes parties du monde.  Par cons\u00e9quent, personne n&#8217;obtient de cr\u00e9dit pour l&#8217;invention de la roue et de l&#8217;essieu, mais d&#8217;autres personnes sont cr\u00e9dit\u00e9es de la cr\u00e9ation de nouvelles versions et de leurs utilisations.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"46978\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/engineering-breakthroughs-over-the-years-how-the-wheel-came-into-being\/wheel-and-axle-history\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"640,639\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{\" aperture=\"\" data-image-title=\"Wheel and Axle history\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history-610x609.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history.jpg\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" src=\"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/1593567801_945_Avances-de-ingenieria-a-lo-largo-de-los-anos-como.jpg\" alt=\"Historique des roues et des essieux\" width=\"603\" height=\"601\" class=\"lazy lazy-hidden alignnone wp-image-46978\"><\/p>\n<p>La roue et l&#8217;essieu ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s pour la premi\u00e8re fois pour conduire des voitures et des voitures, mais ce n&#8217;est qu&#8217;\u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2ge d&#8217;or de la science et de la technologie grecques qu&#8217;ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s dans les machines.  C&#8217;est Hero of Alexandria qui a identifi\u00e9 l&#8217;utilisation de la roue et de l&#8217;essieu pour soulever des poids et augmenter l&#8217;avantage m\u00e9canique.  Il a \u00e9galement incorpor\u00e9 l&#8217;invention dans une roue \u00e0 eau pionni\u00e8re qui \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e pour alimenter un orgue musical.  Peu d&#8217;utilisations de la roue ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es au cours du dernier mill\u00e9naire, \u00e0 l&#8217;exception de quelques modifications de conception.  La prochaine chose importante dans le d\u00e9veloppement de cette technologie a \u00e9t\u00e9 l&#8217;utilisation de roulements \u00e0 billes par Leonardo Da Vinci.  Cependant, ces roulements \u00e0 billes n&#8217;ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s dans l&#8217;assemblage des roues et des essieux qu&#8217;au d\u00e9but du 19e si\u00e8cle, lorsque les locomotives \u00e9taient fabriqu\u00e9es avec des roues et des essieux en acier.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"46989\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/engineering-breakthroughs-over-the-years-how-the-wheel-came-into-being\/wheel-and-axle-history9\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history9.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"736,432\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{\" aperture=\"\" data-image-title=\"Wheel and Axle history9\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history9-610x358.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history9.jpg\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" src=\"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/1593567801_919_Avances-de-ingenieria-a-lo-largo-de-los-anos-como.jpg\" alt=\"Historique des roues et des essieux9\" width=\"610\" height=\"358\" class=\"lazy lazy-hidden alignnone size-medium wp-image-46989\"><\/p>\n<p>La conception de la roue elle-m\u00eame a subi des changements radicaux au fil des ans.  Les premiers n&#8217;\u00e9taient qu&#8217;un morceau de bois circulaire attach\u00e9 \u00e0 un manche en bois brut.  2000 CE a vu la premi\u00e8re utilisation de la roue \u00e0 rayons qui avait des jantes fix\u00e9es au centre de la roue \u00e0 rayons.  Les Celtics ont incorpor\u00e9 le m\u00eame design pour fabriquer des jantes en fer, dont les roues sont devenues si populaires qu&#8217;elles sont rest\u00e9es inchang\u00e9es pendant les trois mille ann\u00e9es suivantes.  L&#8217;utilisation de roues m\u00e9talliques s&#8217;est poursuivie jusqu&#8217;au d\u00e9veloppement des roues pneumatiques et des rayons \u00e0 fil.  L&#8217;ext\u00e9rieur du pneu \u00e9tait maintenant enti\u00e8rement en caoutchouc et il \u00e9liminait la plupart des besoins d&#8217;entretien automobile.  Les roues de la locomotive \u00e9taient toujours en acier car elles devaient rouler sur des rails m\u00e9talliques.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"46981\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/engineering-breakthroughs-over-the-years-how-the-wheel-came-into-being\/wheel-and-axle-history4\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history4.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"800,477\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{\" aperture=\"\" data-image-title=\"Wheel and Axle history4\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history4-610x364.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history4.jpg\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" src=\"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/1593567802_827_Avances-de-ingenieria-a-lo-largo-de-los-anos-como.jpg\" alt=\"Historique des roues et des essieux4\" width=\"610\" height=\"364\" class=\"lazy lazy-hidden alignnone size-medium wp-image-46981\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"47016\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/engineering-breakthroughs-over-the-years-how-the-wheel-came-into-being\/wheel-and-axle-history10\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history10.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1200,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{\" aperture=\"\" data-image-title=\"Wheel and Axle history10\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history10-610x610.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history10-1024x1024.jpg\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" src=\"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/1593567803_401_Avances-de-ingenieria-a-lo-largo-de-los-anos-como.jpg\" alt=\"Historique des roues et des essieux10\" width=\"610\" height=\"610\" class=\"lazy lazy-hidden alignnone size-medium wp-image-47016\"><\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 partir de 1950, des roues \u00e0 disques en acier avec pneus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9es, suivies par des roues en alliage qui avaient des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s beaucoup plus favorables.  Malgr\u00e9 la nature simple de l&#8217;assemblage, vous rencontrez toujours plus de progr\u00e8s pour les fonctions modulaires.  Il existe des roues de robot Mecanum qui permettent un mouvement dans n&#8217;importe quelle direction.  Il existe \u00e9galement des roues sans moyeu, des roues \u00e0 roulement \u00e0 air et des roues actives qui ont une suspension et un moteur dans le m\u00eame moyeu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"46983\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/engineering-breakthroughs-over-the-years-how-the-wheel-came-into-being\/wheel-and-axle-history6\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history6.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"600,434\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{\" aperture=\"\" data-image-title=\"Wheel and Axle history6\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history6.jpeg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history6.jpeg\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" src=\"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Avances-de-ingenieria-a-lo-largo-de-los-anos-como.jpeg\" alt=\"Historique des roues et des essieux6\" width=\"600\" height=\"434\" class=\"lazy lazy-hidden alignnone size-full wp-image-46983\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"46984\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/engineering-breakthroughs-over-the-years-how-the-wheel-came-into-being\/wheel-and-axle-history7\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history7.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"630,331\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{\" aperture=\"\" data-image-title=\"Wheel and Axle history7\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history7-610x320.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/wonderfulengineering.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Wheel-and-Axle-history7.jpg\" data-lazy-type=\"image\" src=\"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/1593567804_779_Avances-de-ingenieria-a-lo-largo-de-los-anos-como.jpg\" alt=\"Historique des roues et des essieux7\" width=\"611\" height=\"320\" class=\"lazy lazy-hidden alignnone wp-image-46984\"><\/p>\n<p>Par cons\u00e9quent, l&#8217;\u00e9volution de la roue ne montre aucun signe d&#8217;arr\u00eat.  Je me demande ce que nous verrons d&#8217;autre dans les ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir!<\/p>\n   ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bonjour, ing\u00e9nieurs du monde entier! Nous allons vous pr\u00e9senter une nouvelle s\u00e9rie qui traitera des progr\u00e8s de l&#8217;ing\u00e9nierie au fil des ann\u00e9es qui ont transform\u00e9 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque. Par travail acharn\u00e9 et inspiration, ces ing\u00e9nieurs ont envisag\u00e9 l&#8217;utilisation d&#8217;une invention particuli\u00e8re, et celle-ci a \u00e9t\u00e9 mise \u00e0 niveau pour devenir l&#8217;\u00e9pine dorsale du [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":37755,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37754","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogs"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37754","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37754"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37754\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37755"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37754"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37754"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37754"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}