{"id":746937,"date":"2023-10-15T10:08:40","date_gmt":"2023-10-15T16:08:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/sw\/hur-man-anvander-toppkommandot-i-linux\/"},"modified":"2023-10-15T10:08:40","modified_gmt":"2023-10-15T16:08:40","slug":"hur-man-anvander-toppkommandot-i-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/sw\/hur-man-anvander-toppkommandot-i-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"Hur man anv\u00e4nder toppkommandot i Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Det \u00f6versta kommandot ger en dynamisk vy i realtid av det k\u00f6rande systemet.  Den anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att \u00f6vervaka systemprocesser och resursanv\u00e4ndning som CPU, minne och v\u00e4xlingsanv\u00e4ndning.<\/p>\n<p>Allm\u00e4n syntax f\u00f6r toppkommandot:<\/p>\n<pre name=\"code\" class=\"bash\">\r\n$ top [OPTIONS]\r\n<\/pre>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Lista_alla_pagaende_processer\"><\/span>1. Lista alla p\u00e5g\u00e5ende processer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<pre name=\"code\" class=\"bash\">top<\/pre>\n<p>Anv\u00e4nd det \u00f6versta kommandot f\u00f6r att visa p\u00e5g\u00e5ende uppgifter, minne, CPU och swap.  F\u00f6r att st\u00e4nga f\u00f6nstret, tryck p\u00e5 q<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exempel:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e4r du k\u00f6r det \u00f6versta kommandot i en terminal utan alternativ \u00e4r det h\u00e4r vad du kan f\u00e5.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"terminal\">top - 15:20:26 up 10 days,  2:30,  1 user,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05\r\nTasks: 193 total,   1 running, 192 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie\r\n%Cpu(s):  0.7 us,  0.2 sy,  0.0 ni, 98.9 id,  0.1 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.1 si,  0.0 st\r\nKiB Mem :  8167848 total,  2003084 free,  1652232 used,  4512532 buff\/cache\r\nKiB Swap:  2097148 total,  2097148 free,        0 used.  6171720 avail Mem \r\n\r\n  PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND            \r\n 1219 root      20   0  658884  56644  35980 S   6.7  0.7  42:11.77 Xorg               \r\n 2781 user1     20   0  883780  31576  21744 S   6.7  0.4   0:01.01 gnome-terminal-    \r\n    1 root      20   0  225636   9484   6812 S   0.0  0.1   0:07.31 systemd            \r\n    2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.01 kthreadd           \r\n    4 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker\/0:0H       \r\n    6 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 mm_percpu_wq       \r\n    7 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.31 ksoftirqd\/0        \r\n    8 root      20   0       0      0      0 I   0.0  0.0   0:02.91 rcu_sched          \r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Den f\u00f6rsta raden ger en sammanfattning av systemet: aktuell tid, drifttid, antal anv\u00e4ndare och belastningsmedelv\u00e4rde.<\/p>\n<p>Den andra raden visar det totala antalet uppgifter och deras tillst\u00e5nd: k\u00f6r, inaktiv, stoppad eller zombie.<\/p>\n<p>Den tredje raden visar CPU-anv\u00e4ndningsdetaljerna: anv\u00e4ndarprocesser, systemprocesser, inaktiva processer, etc.<\/p>\n<p>Den fj\u00e4rde och femte raden visar minnesanv\u00e4ndningen: totalt, ledigt, anv\u00e4nt och buffert\/cacheminne.<\/p>\n<p>Resten av raderna listar alla processer som k\u00f6rs p\u00e5 systemet.  Varje rad representerar en process med detaljer som PID, ANV\u00c4NDARE, CPU-anv\u00e4ndning, minnesanv\u00e4ndning och kommandot som anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att starta processen.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Visa_processer_for_en_specifik_anvandare\"><\/span>2. Visa processer f\u00f6r en specifik anv\u00e4ndare.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<pre name=\"code\" class=\"bash\">top -u [user]<\/pre>\n<p>Alternativet -u l\u00e5ter dig visa all information om en specifik anv\u00e4ndares p\u00e5g\u00e5ende processer.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exempel:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Visar p\u00e5g\u00e5ende processer f\u00f6r rotanv\u00e4ndaren.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"terminal\">top - 12:34:56 up 10 days,  2:30,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05\r\nTasks: 100 total,   1 running,  99 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie\r\n%Cpu(s):  0.3 us,  0.1 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.5 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.1 si,  0.0 st\r\nMiB Mem :   7976.1 total,   1694.7 free,   1263.5 used,   5017.8 buff\/cache\r\nMiB Swap:   1024.0 total,   1024.0 free,      0.0 used.   6412.1 avail Mem \r\n\r\n  PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU  %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND\r\n    1 root      20   0  225492   9484   6812 S   0.0   0.1   0:06.37 systemd\r\n    2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.01 kthreadd\r\n    3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0   0.0   0:00.36 ksoftirqd\/0\r\n    5 root       0 -20       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:00.00 kworker\/0:0H\r\n    7 root      20   0       0      0      0 I   0.0   0.0   0:01.31 rcu_sched\r\n  ...\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>I det h\u00e4r exemplet kan du se att top-u root-kommandot endast visar processer som \u00e4gs av root-anv\u00e4ndaren.  Utdatan inneh\u00e5ller information om varje process, s\u00e5som process-ID (PID), prioritet (PR), nice value (NI), virtuellt minnesstorlek (VIRT), resident memory size (RES), storleken p\u00e5 det delade minnet (SHR) , CPU:n.  anv\u00e4ndning (%CPU), minnesanv\u00e4ndning (%MEM) och kommandot som anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att starta processen (COMMAND).<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Aktivera_batchlage\"><\/span>3. Aktivera batchl\u00e4ge<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<pre name=\"code\" class=\"bash\">top -b<\/pre>\n<p>Kommandot top -b anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att k\u00f6ra top i batch-l\u00e4ge.  Detta \u00e4r s\u00e4rskilt anv\u00e4ndbart n\u00e4r du vill omdirigera tops utdata till en fil eller ett annat kommando.  I batchl\u00e4ge kommer top inte att acceptera inmatning och kommer att k\u00f6ra upp till den iterationsgr\u00e4ns du st\u00e4ller in eller tills den tas bort.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exempel:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>I det h\u00e4r exemplet s\u00e4ger -n 1 till top att bara k\u00f6ra en g\u00e5ng, ist\u00e4llet f\u00f6r att kontinuerligt uppdatera.  Utdata omdirigeras sedan till top-output.txt.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e4r du \u00f6ppnar top-output.txt-filen kan du se utdata som liknar detta:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"terminal\">top - 18:25:01 up 10 days,  5:45,  1 user,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05\r\nTasks: 162 total,   1 running, 161 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie\r\n%Cpu(s):  0.7 us,  0.3 sy,  0.0 ni, 98.9 id,  0.1 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st\r\nKiB Mem :  8167848 total,  1785084 free,  1583456 used,  4799308 buff\/cache\r\nKiB Swap:  2097148 total,  2097148 free,        0 used.  6250480 avail Mem \r\n\r\n  PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND\r\n    1 root      20   0  225492   9484   6812 S   0.0  0.1   0:09.07 systemd\r\n    2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.01 kthreadd\r\n    3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.55 ksoftirqd\/0\r\n    5 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker\/0:0H\r\n    7 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:07.28 rcu_sched\r\n<\/pre>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Borja_fran_samma_tillstand\"><\/span>4. B\u00f6rja fr\u00e5n samma tillst\u00e5nd.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<pre name=\"code\" class=\"bash\">top -c<\/pre>\n<p>top -c visar de f\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande aktiva processerna tillsammans med ytterligare information, inklusive den fullst\u00e4ndiga kommandoraden som anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att starta varje process.  Detta kan vara anv\u00e4ndbart f\u00f6r att se exakt vilka parametrar som skickades till en process.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exempel:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>H\u00e4r \u00e4r ett exempel p\u00e5 utdata fr\u00e5n kommandot top -c:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"terminal\">top - 12:34:56 up 10 days,  2:03,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05\r\nTasks: 100 total,   1 running,  99 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie\r\n%Cpu(s):  0.3 us,  0.1 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.6 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st\r\nKiB Mem :  2040204 total,   987204 free,   105204 used,   948796 buff\/cache\r\nKiB Swap:  1048572 total,  1048572 free,        0 used.  1830204 avail Mem \r\n\r\n  PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND\r\n    1 root      20   0  159444   6604   3904 S   0.0  0.3   0:06.35 \/sbin\/init splash\r\n    2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.02 [kthreadd]\r\n    3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.85 [ksoftirqd\/0]\r\n    5 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 [kworker\/0:0H]\r\n    7 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.78 [rcu_sched]\r\n  123 root      20   0  278532  37888  26976 S   0.0  1.9   0:03.45 \/usr\/bin\/dockerd -H fd:\/\/\r\n  456 www-data  20   0  161916   6412   2680 S   0.0  0.3   0:00.01 \/usr\/sbin\/apache2 -k start\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>De f\u00f6rsta raderna ger en sammanfattning av systemet, inklusive aktuell tid, hur l\u00e4nge systemet har k\u00f6rts, antalet anv\u00e4ndare, belastningsmedelv\u00e4rde och minnesanv\u00e4ndning.<\/p>\n<p>Varje efterf\u00f6ljande rad representerar en enda process, med olika data om varje process.  Detta inkluderar process-ID (PID), process\u00e4garens anv\u00e4ndare, prioritet (PR) och trevliga v\u00e4rden (NI), minnesanv\u00e4ndning (VIRT, RES, SHR), aktuellt tillst\u00e5nd (S), CPU-anv\u00e4ndning (% CPU) .  , minnesanv\u00e4ndning (%MEM), tid som processen har k\u00f6rts (TIME+) och hela kommandoraden (COMMAND).<\/p>\n<p>Alternativet -c visar hela kommandoraden som anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att starta varje process.  Till exempel, f\u00f6r PID 1, \u00e4r kommandot \/sbin\/init splash.  F\u00f6r PID 123 \u00e4r kommandot \/usr\/bin\/dockerd -H fd:\/\/.  Detta kan vara anv\u00e4ndbart f\u00f6r att se exakt vilka parametrar som skickades till en process.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Aktivera_felsakert_lage\"><\/span>5. Aktivera fels\u00e4kert l\u00e4ge<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<pre name=\"code\" class=\"bash\">top -s<\/pre>\n<p>Alternativet -s anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r drift i s\u00e4kert l\u00e4ge.  I s\u00e4kert l\u00e4ge \u00e4r vissa potentiellt skadliga interaktiva kommandon inaktiverade.  Detta \u00e4r s\u00e4rskilt anv\u00e4ndbart n\u00e4r systemadministrat\u00f6rer k\u00f6r topp i en milj\u00f6 d\u00e4r de vill begr\u00e4nsa vad anv\u00e4ndare kan g\u00f6ra.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exempel:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nedan \u00e4r ett exempel p\u00e5 hur du kan anv\u00e4nda alternativet -s i detta sammanhang:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"terminal\">top -s 5\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Detta kommando startar fr\u00e5n toppen och uppdaterar sk\u00e4rmen var 0,5 sekund.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Stall_in_fordrojningstiden_for_skarmuppdateringar\"><\/span>6. St\u00e4ll in f\u00f6rdr\u00f6jningstiden f\u00f6r sk\u00e4rmuppdateringar<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<pre name=\"code\" class=\"bash\">top -d [seconds]<\/pre>\n<p>Alternativet -d anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att ange f\u00f6rdr\u00f6jningstiden mellan sk\u00e4rmuppdateringar eller, med andra ord, uppdateringsfrekvensen.  Som standard uppdateras toppen var 3,0:e sekund, men med alternativet -d kan du st\u00e4lla in det p\u00e5 vilket intervall du vill.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exempel:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ange siffran 20 efter alternativet -d f\u00f6r att uppdatera utdata var 20:e sekund.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"terminal\">top -d 20\r\n<\/pre>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Stall_in_antalet_iterationer\"><\/span>7. St\u00e4ll in antalet iterationer.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<pre name=\"code\" class=\"bash\">top -n [number]<\/pre>\n<p>top -n uppdaterar visningen av toppkommandot n g\u00e5nger och avslutar sedan.  Detta kan vara anv\u00e4ndbart om du vill ta en snabb \u00f6gonblicksbild av systemet med j\u00e4mna mellanrum.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"padding-bottom:10px\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fler_Linux-kommandon\"><\/span>Fler Linux-kommandon:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n  <div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/sw\/hur-man-anvander-toppkommandot-i-linux\/#1_Lista_alla_pagaende_processer\" >1. Lista alla p\u00e5g\u00e5ende processer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/sw\/hur-man-anvander-toppkommandot-i-linux\/#2_Visa_processer_for_en_specifik_anvandare\" >2. Visa processer f\u00f6r en specifik anv\u00e4ndare.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/sw\/hur-man-anvander-toppkommandot-i-linux\/#3_Aktivera_batchlage\" >3. Aktivera batchl\u00e4ge<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/sw\/hur-man-anvander-toppkommandot-i-linux\/#4_Borja_fran_samma_tillstand\" >4. B\u00f6rja fr\u00e5n samma tillst\u00e5nd.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/sw\/hur-man-anvander-toppkommandot-i-linux\/#5_Aktivera_felsakert_lage\" >5. Aktivera fels\u00e4kert l\u00e4ge<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/sw\/hur-man-anvander-toppkommandot-i-linux\/#6_Stall_in_fordrojningstiden_for_skarmuppdateringar\" >6. St\u00e4ll in f\u00f6rdr\u00f6jningstiden f\u00f6r sk\u00e4rmuppdateringar<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/sw\/hur-man-anvander-toppkommandot-i-linux\/#7_Stall_in_antalet_iterationer\" >7. St\u00e4ll in antalet iterationer.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/sw\/hur-man-anvander-toppkommandot-i-linux\/#Fler_Linux-kommandon\" >Fler Linux-kommandon:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Det \u00f6versta kommandot ger en dynamisk vy i realtid av det k\u00f6rande systemet. Den anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att \u00f6vervaka systemprocesser och resursanv\u00e4ndning som CPU, minne och v\u00e4xlingsanv\u00e4ndning. Allm\u00e4n syntax f\u00f6r toppkommandot: $ top [OPTIONS] 1. Lista alla p\u00e5g\u00e5ende processer top Anv\u00e4nd det \u00f6versta kommandot f\u00f6r att visa p\u00e5g\u00e5ende uppgifter, minne, CPU och swap. F\u00f6r att st\u00e4nga [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":746938,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/12900-BLOG.webp","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-746937","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bloggar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/746937","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=746937"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/746937\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/746938"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=746937"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=746937"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogging-techies.com\/sw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=746937"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}